Introduccion A La Ciencia (Vol II) by Asimov Isaac
Author:Asimov, Isaac [Asimov, Isaac]
Format: epub
Tags: General Interest
Published: 2009-12-12T13:15:19+00:00
Cáncer
A medida que disminuye el peligro de las enfermedades infecciosas, aumenta la incidencia de otros tipos de enfermedades. Mucha gente, que hace un siglo hubiera muerto joven de tuberculosis o difteria, de pulmonía o tifus, hoy día viven el tiempo suficiente para morir de dolencias cardíacas o de cáncer. Ésa es la razón de que las enfermedades cardíacas y el cáncer se hayan convertido en el asesino número uno y dos, respectivamente, del mundo occidental. De hecho, el cáncer ha sucedido a la peste y a la viruela como plaga que azota al hombre. Es una espada que pende sobre todos nosotros, dispuesta a caer sobre cualquiera sin previo aviso ni misericordia. Todos los años mueren de cáncer trescientos mil americanos, mientras cada semana se registran diez mil nuevos casos. El riesgo de incidencia era del 50 % en 1900.
En realidad, el cáncer constituye un grupo de muchas enfermedades (se conocen alrededor de trescientos tipos), que afectan de distintas formas a diversas partes del organismo. Pero la perturbación primaria consiste siempre en lo mismo: desorganización y crecimiento incontrolado de los tejidos afectados. El nombre cáncer (palabra latina que significa «cangrejo») procede del hecho de que Hipócrates y Galeno suponían que la enfermedad hacía estragos a través de las venas enfermas como las extendidas y crispadas patas de un cangrejo.
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